Further strikes on Fordow, potentially with U.S. support, could be imminent, but their success is just one factor that will shape Iran’s nuclear future—along with possible withdrawal from the ...

China has a long history of dam construction and water control, dating back to the Qin dynasty. 28 This tradition continues today, though modern projects on the Tibetan Plateau come with consequences ...

For the Department of State, one of its most important tools is the process of “determination” that a U.S. citizen or permanent resident is a “wrongful” detainee. The Levinson Act enumerates 11 ...

Russia’s poor performance has likely been caused by several factors: the Russian military’s reliance on dismounted infantry and mechanized forces to take Ukrainian territory, Russia’s failure to use ...

The data reveals notable patterns: Starting in September 2024, Shahed drone launches escalated sharply. Before this period, the average weekly launch rate was around 130. Within six months, the rate ...

The Decline of the U.S. Zinc Industry The United States was once the largest zinc processor in the world, with 19 processing plants in operation. 5 At the start of the Cold War, the U.S. government ...

Executive Summary The Russia-Ukraine war has emerged as a watershed moment in modern military history, fundamentally reshaping our understanding of contemporary warfare. This white paper analyzes five ...

In the years before the war, the Russian government tried but failed to convince businesses to stop stockpiling reserves that they used to fund large dividends. Businesses, however, complained that ...

While Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan all have the authority to impose end-user restrictions, their end-user authorities are more limited than the U.S. Entity List. For example, Japan’s end-user list ...

Abstract This paper examines the feasibility and implications of sustained growth in generative AI (genAI) infrastructure through 2030, focusing on three potential constraints: financing, hardware ...

Portions of this critical questions analysis were previously published in a CSIS Critical Minerals article on February 21, 2025. U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky ...