The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility and stability. Lumbar vertebrae are larger because they carry the load from your head down to the lower spine. The lumbar spine has a ...

Four different glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-family ligand (GFL)– receptor (GFRα) binding pairs exist, and they all signal through the transmembrane RET receptor tyrosine kinase.

In recent decades, minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgeries have advanced significantly, enabling effective interventions with reduced patient trauma. The lumbar transforaminal approach, which ...

Background: L4/L5 segment lumbar disc herniation and canal stenosis commonly cause low back and leg pain. Posterior interlaminar spine endoscopy has proven efficacy, but puncture positioning relies on ...

Chronic sciatica involves symptoms of leg pain, numbness, and weakness that last 12 months or longer. Severe cases of sciatica may need surgery to relieve symptoms. At-home treatments for sciatica ...

Abstract: A nonstationary control system with an interval characteristic polynomial, the coefficients of which are set by their intervals, is considered. For such a system, the problem of modal ...

Numbness in the feet can be caused by poor circulation or nerve damage. Symptoms that might accompany foot numbness include tingling, pain, or a burning sensation. Diabetes is a common medical ...