Bipolar ionization technology emits charged particles that attach to and deactivate harmful substances like bacteria, allergens, mold, and viruses.

In 2009 researchers found an "ionization surprise" that defied explanation. Until that time, it had been commonly thought that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was well-understood ...

Instantaneous generation of a vibrational wavepacket in a molecular ion is usually assumed in an ionization process. Here, by means of frequency-resolved optical gating, the authors observe a non ...

Current state of the theory of Penning ionization is reviewed, in terms of the problems currently under consideration, the physical concepts underlying various recent theories, and some of the ...

The results are compared with the ionization cross-section of atomic hydrogen and with theory. The He+ cross-section, when scaled by the appropriate factor, is very similar to that of atomic hydrogen ...

It describes options and how to calibrate plane parallel ionization chambers, against air kerma or absorbed dose to water standards at cobalt-60 gamma ray energies. The use of these chambers to ...