A probability density function (PDF) describes the likelihood of different outcomes for a continuous random variable.

Trait probability density (TPD) functions (which explicitly account for ITV) reflect the probabilistic nature of niches. By doing so, the TPD approach reconciles existing methods for estimating FD ...

Nonparametric methods provide a flexible framework for estimating the probability density function of random variables without imposing a strict parametric model. By relying directly on observed ...