For more than a century, physicists have been trying to reconcile the smooth geometry of gravity with the jittery ...

Systems theory was not originally a business theory. Indeed, systems theory was proposed in the 1940s by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, say Francis Heylighen and Cliff Joslyn in their article, ...

Quantum theory fails to explain how the reality we experience emerges from the world of particles. A new take on quantum ...

Clay Halton was a Business Editor at Investopedia and has been working in the finance publishing field for more than five years. He also writes and edits personal finance content, with a focus on ...

What is the Multi-Step Flow Theory? A theory stating that the mass media distributing information first flows down to opinion leaders before getting to the public. The multi-step flow theory was first ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more ...

A few years ago the city council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in a bowl because ...

Dingli et al report the use of evolutionary game theory to improve our understanding of cancer dynamics. They study the interaction between malignant and normal cells in a multiple myeloma (MM) model ...