Transferring a biologic candidate from the research and development phase to commercial production usually requires increasing the working volume of the upstream bioprocess. During scale-up, process ...

Bench-Scale Bioreactors Incorporate Single-Use Elements, Linearly Scalable Actuators, and Sensors Bench-scale bioreactors ranging in volume from about 2 L to 20 L have become indispensable as ...

A scale model is a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object being represented. Very often the scale model is smaller than the original and used ...