In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Integrated circuits (ICs) are an integral part of modern technology, and they can be found in a wide array of devices, from smartphones and computers to medical diagnostic tools. However, conventional ...

A holistic approach that treats the stack as a coupled physical system helps overcome thermal, stress, and reliability ...

3D integrated circuits promise smaller, faster devices with lower power consumption. Vertically stacked 3D integrated circuits also enable novel in-memory and in-sensor computing paradigms and ...