Colonial and solitary breeding in birds have been hypothetically explained as adaptations to different types of food. Evenly distributed food with stable occurrence can be defended, which favours ...

The Arctic Skua is a seabird that is polymorphic for dark, intermediate and pale phenotypes of plumage. The melanic, dark and intermediate males can find mates sooner in the breeding season than the ...

Arctic fox's habitat in the Arctic tundra is in a hairline balance in an ecosystem which is vulnerable to climate change. As such, the Arctic fox and other similar predators can be used as indicators ...

DATA have recently been collected in Caithness and Shetland on the numbers of the different mating types, dark × dark, dark × pale and pale × pale, of the colour phases of the Arctic skua, ...